With the UK’s departure from the European Union (Brexit), significant changes have been made to its immigration policies. These changes have a direct impact on individuals from non-EU countries, including Nigerians. This article provides a comprehensive guide to understanding the UK’s post-Brexit immigration rules and what Nigerians need to know to navigate this new landscape successfully.
Overview of the UK’s Post-Brexit Immigration Policy
The UK’s post-Brexit immigration policy has shifted towards a more skills-focused, points-based system. This new policy, implemented in January 2021, prioritizes applicants based on factors such as job offers, skill levels, English language proficiency, and salary thresholds. The system aims to attract skilled professionals from around the world, regardless of their nationality.
Under the new rules, the previous distinction between EU and non-EU citizens has been abolished, placing Nigerian applicants on an equal footing with EU nationals. This move creates new opportunities for skilled Nigerian professionals, students, entrepreneurs, and families looking to move to the UK. However, it also means navigating a more structured application process, with specific requirements tailored to different visa categories.
Understanding the Points-Based System
The UK’s post-Brexit immigration framework revolves around a points-based system, where applicants must accumulate a minimum of 70 points to qualify for a visa. Points are awarded based on several factors:
- Job Offer: A job offer from a UK-approved employer is worth 20 points.
- Skill Level: The job must be at the required skill level, which adds another 20 points.
- English Language Proficiency: Being proficient in English earns an additional 10 points.
- Salary: Points vary depending on the offered salary. A salary of at least £25,600 is worth 20 points. However, salaries below this threshold can still earn points if the role is on the shortage occupation list or if the applicant holds a PhD relevant to the job.
For example, a Nigerian engineer offered a job in the UK with a salary of £30,000 and who meets the language and skill requirements would easily meet the 70-point threshold.
The Skilled Worker Visa for Nigerians
One of the most popular visa routes for Nigerians under the new system is the Skilled Worker Visa. This visa replaces the previous Tier 2 (General) visa and allows skilled professionals to work in the UK for an approved employer. Here’s what you need to know about the Skilled Worker Visa:
- Requirements:
- A job offer from a UK employer approved by the Home Office.
- The job must be on the list of eligible occupations.
- Meeting the English language proficiency requirement.
- A minimum salary of £25,600 or the ‘going rate’ for the specific job.
- Application Process:
- Obtain a Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) from the employer.
- Gather necessary documentation, including a valid passport, proof of proficiency in English, and evidence of personal savings.
- Complete the online visa application form.
- Attend a visa application center for biometric information (photo and fingerprints).
- Duration and Benefits:
- The visa is valid for up to 5 years, with the possibility of renewal.
- It provides a pathway to settlement (Indefinite Leave to Remain) in the UK after five years of continuous residence.
The UK’s Global Talent Visa for Exceptional Nigerians
The Global Talent Visa is designed for highly skilled individuals in fields such as science, arts, digital technology, and academia. Unlike the Skilled Worker Visa, it does not require a job offer, making it an attractive option for Nigerians recognized for their exceptional talent or promise in their respective fields.
- Eligibility:
- Applicants must be endorsed by a recognized UK body in their field (e.g., Tech Nation for digital technology professionals).
- Evidence of significant contributions or potential in the chosen field.
- Application Process:
- Secure endorsement from a relevant UK body.
- Apply online, providing supporting documents such as letters of recommendation, proof of achievements, and endorsement letters.
- Benefits:
- Greater flexibility in employment, including self-employment and freelance work.
- Ability to switch jobs without needing employer sponsorship.
The UK’s Student Visa for Nigerian Students
Nigerians aspiring to study in the UK can apply for the Student Visa. Post-Brexit changes have streamlined the process and introduced the Graduate Route, allowing international students to work in the UK after their studies.
- Requirements:
- A Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS) from a UK educational institution.
- Proof of English language proficiency (e.g., IELTS).
- Financial evidence to support tuition fees and living expenses.
- Application Process:
- Obtain a CAS from the educational institution.
- Complete the online application and pay the visa fee.
- Submit supporting documents, including academic qualifications, passport, and financial proof.
- Attend a visa application center for biometrics.
- Post-Study Opportunities:
- The Graduate Route allows students to stay and work in the UK for up to two years after completing their degree (three years for PhD graduates).
Business and Investor Visas Post-Brexit
The UK offers various visa options for Nigerian entrepreneurs and investors, such as the Innovator Visa and the Start-Up Visa.
- Innovator Visa: Designed for experienced business professionals looking to set up an innovative business in the UK. It requires an endorsement from an approved body and a minimum investment of £50,000.
- Start-Up Visa: Geared towards individuals starting a new business for the first time. While it doesn’t require initial funding, applicants must have a viable, innovative business idea endorsed by an approved body.
These visas offer pathways to settlement, provided the business meets certain growth and performance criteria.
Family Reunification and Settlement Options
Nigerians with family members residing in the UK can apply for a Family Visa. This category includes spouse/partner visas, parent visas, and dependent child visas.
- Spouse/Partner Visa: Requires proof of a genuine relationship, meeting the English language requirement, and the UK resident having an income of at least £18,600 annually.
- Settlement (Indefinite Leave to Remain): Nigerians who have legally resided in the UK for a certain period (usually five years) can apply for settlement. This grants them the right to live, work, and study in the UK without time restrictions.
Visitor and Short-Term Stay Visas for Nigerians
For Nigerians looking to visit the UK for short-term purposes, the Standard Visitor Visa is the go-to option. This visa covers tourism, visiting family, short business trips, and medical treatment.
- Application Process:
- Complete the online application form and pay the visa fee.
- Provide supporting documents, including travel itinerary, accommodation details, proof of funds, and evidence of ties to Nigeria.
- Attend a visa application center for biometrics.
- Validity: Typically valid for up to six months, with options for longer validity for frequent visitors.
Impacts of Brexit on Nigerian Immigrants in the UK
Brexit has not only reshaped the entry requirements for new immigrants but also affected Nigerians already living in the UK. The changes include:
- Rights of Nigerian-EU Family Members: Nigerians with EU family members residing in the UK before Brexit may apply under the EU Settlement Scheme.
- Healthcare: Access to the National Health Service (NHS) remains available for visa holders, although some may need to pay the healthcare surcharge as part of their visa application.
Preparing a Strong UK Visa Application
A successful visa application hinges on meticulous preparation. Here are some key tips:
- Accurate Documentation: Ensure that all provided documents are up-to-date, accurate, and meet the specific visa requirements.
- Financial Proof: Clearly demonstrate the ability to support oneself financially, as required by the visa category.
- Professional Assistance: Consider consulting with an immigration advisor or solicitor, especially for complex cases such as business visas or family reunification.
FAQs on Post-Brexit UK Immigration for Nigerians
Q: What is the minimum salary requirement for a Skilled Worker Visa?
A: The minimum salary is £25,600 or the ‘going rate’ for the job. Exceptions exist for shortage occupations and roles requiring PhD-level qualifications.
Q: Can Nigerian students work while studying in the UK?
A: Yes, Nigerian students on a Student Visa can work up to 20 hours per week during term time and full-time during vacations.
Q: How long does it take to process a UK visa application?
A: Processing times vary depending on the visa type. Standard visitor visas typically take 3 weeks, while Skilled Worker Visas can take up to 8 weeks.
Conclusion
Navigating the UK’s post-Brexit immigration rules can be complex, but understanding the points-based system and the various visa categories available to Nigerians is crucial. Whether seeking employment, education, business opportunities, or family reunification, proper preparation and a thorough grasp of the requirements are key to a successful application. With the UK opening up to skilled professionals globally, now is a great time for Nigerians to explore the opportunities it offers.
Zara Adeyemi