When international students arrive in the United States to pursue their academic dreams, they often face the challenge of adjusting to a new culture, academic system, and—most notably—a different financial landscape. One of the most accessible options to earn some income, build experience, and integrate into campus life is through on-campus employment.
However, as an F-1 or J-1 visa holder, you are subject to strict rules regarding employment. Working without proper authorization or in violation of your visa status can result in serious consequences, including termination of your visa or deportation.
This comprehensive guide outlines everything you need to know about on-campus job opportunities, legal limitations, and how to make the most of your employment while staying compliant with U.S. immigration laws.
Understanding F-1 Visa Employment Basics
If you’re an international student in the U.S., chances are you’re studying under an F-1 visa. This visa comes with specific rules on employment to ensure that your primary purpose in the U.S.—your education—is not compromised.
What is On-Campus Employment?
According to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), on-campus employment refers to work that takes place on your school’s campus or at an off-campus location that is educationally affiliated with your institution.
🔗 USCIS – On-Campus Employment
Examples include:
- Working in the library, dining hall, or student union
- Lab assistant positions
- Research jobs funded through your university
- Employment with a private contractor operating on campus (like Starbucks in the student center)
F-1 Visa On-Campus Work Conditions
- Maximum 20 hours per week while school is in session
- Up to 40 hours per week during official school breaks (e.g., summer or winter holidays)
- Must be in good academic standing
- Must be enrolled full-time (usually 12 credit hours minimum for undergraduates)
Do You Need Work Authorization?
For on-campus jobs, you do not need separate work authorization from USCIS. However, you must obtain approval from your school’s Designated School Official (DSO), who will annotate your SEVIS record.
J-1 Students and On-Campus Work
If you’re studying under a J-1 Exchange Visitor visa, you’re also eligible for on-campus work, but you must receive written approval from your Responsible Officer (RO) in your sponsoring program before starting the job.
🔗 U.S. Department of State – Exchange Visitor Program
J-1 limitations are similar to the F-1 rules:
- 20-hour cap during academic terms
- Full-time allowed during breaks
- The job must not displace U.S. workers
Types of On-Campus Jobs Available
You might be surprised at the range of job opportunities available right on your campus. Depending on your skills, interests, and schedule, you may find roles that enhance your academic experience or simply help cover daily expenses.
1. Library Assistant
A popular choice for international students. Tasks include shelving books, checking out materials, or managing help desks. These jobs are usually quiet and allow for some study time during downtime.
2. Research Assistant
Ideal for graduate students or those pursuing STEM degrees. You’ll assist faculty with research, data collection, lab experiments, or literature reviews. These jobs may even contribute to your thesis work.
3. Teaching Assistant (TA)
Primarily for graduate students, TAs help faculty members by grading papers, leading lab sessions, or holding office hours. Sometimes, TAs receive tuition remission or stipends.
4. Dining Services
Jobs in the cafeteria, coffee shops, or food courts on campus are common. These roles usually involve fast-paced customer service and often include free or discounted meals.
5. Campus Recreation and Fitness Center
Help run the gym, lead group fitness classes, or manage check-in desks. Great for students interested in sports, wellness, or hospitality.
6. IT Help Desk or Tech Support
If you’re tech-savvy, consider applying to your school’s IT services department. Responsibilities may include troubleshooting, installing software, or maintaining campus tech systems.
7. Admissions or International Office Assistant
Working in your university’s admissions or international student office helps you network and gain admin experience. Bonus: they already understand your visa limitations.
The Application Process: Step-by-Step
Step 1: Check Eligibility
Speak to your DSO or RO to ensure you’re eligible. You must be:
- Enrolled full-time
- Maintaining valid F-1 or J-1 status
- Not working more than 20 hours per week during term time
Step 2: Search for Open Positions
Check your university’s student employment portal, career center, or visit specific departments. Common platforms include:
- Handshake
- Symplicity
- University’s job board
Step 3: Apply Like Any Other Job
Prepare a résumé and cover letter tailored to the position. Include:
- Your student visa status
- Any relevant work or volunteer experience
- Soft skills such as communication, time management, or multilingual abilities
Step 4: Get Approval from Your DSO/RO
Once hired, notify your DSO or RO. They will:
- Verify that your job qualifies as on-campus employment
- Update your SEVIS record (if necessary)
- Issue a letter confirming your employment eligibility
Step 5: Apply for a Social Security Number (SSN)
To receive wages, you’ll need an SSN. You can apply for one at a local Social Security Administration (SSA) office. Documents required:
- Form SS-5 (Social Security Card Application)
- Letter from your employer
- Letter from your DSO
- I-20 (F-1 students) or DS-2019 (J-1 students)
- Passport with F-1/J-1 visa
- I-94 arrival record
🔗 Apply for an SSN
Payment and Taxes
Even though you’re a student and non-resident alien, you are subject to U.S. taxation.
Do You Pay Taxes?
Yes. You are required to:
- File a tax return every year (even if you earned nothing)
- Pay federal and sometimes state income taxes
- You may be exempt from Social Security and Medicare taxes for the first five years on F-1 or J-1 status
🔗 IRS Tax Information for Students
How Much Do You Earn?
On-campus jobs typically pay minimum wage, ranging from $10–$15/hour. However, roles like research or teaching assistants may offer stipends or tuition discounts.
What You Cannot Do on an F-1 or J-1 Visa
It’s crucial to stay within your visa limitations. Violating these can jeopardize your status and your ability to remain in the U.S.
You Cannot:
- Work off-campus without prior authorization (such as CPT or OPT)
- Work more than 20 hours/week during the semester
- Begin work before your first day of classes
- Continue working after completing your program (unless under OPT)
Transitioning to Off-Campus Work: CPT and OPT
If you’re looking for off-campus internships or employment, you’ll need additional authorization:
Curricular Practical Training (CPT)
- For internships integral to your academic program
- Must be approved by your DSO and shown on your I-20
- Can be part-time or full-time
- Full-time CPT for 12 months makes you ineligible for OPT
🔗 CPT Information – USCIS
Optional Practical Training (OPT)
- Up to 12 months of work after completing your degree
- STEM graduates can apply for a 24-month extension
- Requires application and approval from USCIS
- Takes 2–4 months to process
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I have more than one on-campus job?
Yes, but the combined hours must not exceed 20 hours per week during academic terms.
Can I work during my first semester?
Yes, on-campus employment is allowed from your first semester as long as you’re enrolled full-time and your DSO approves.
What happens if I work illegally?
Illegal work may result in:
- Termination of your SEVIS record
- Ineligibility for future immigration benefits
- Deportation or ban from re-entry
Always consult your DSO before accepting or continuing any employment.
Maximizing the Value of On-Campus Jobs
On-campus employment isn’t just about making money. It can also help you:
- Build soft skills like communication, problem-solving, and time management
- Create a network of references and mentors for future job applications
- Improve your English and cultural fluency
- Understand the U.S. work culture
It also gives you a chance to build your résumé, especially if you’re planning to apply for internships or OPT in the future.
Conclusion: Work Smart, Stay Legal
Navigating on-campus employment as an international student in the U.S. requires understanding the rules, taking initiative, and balancing work with academics. The opportunities may be limited compared to domestic students, but if you leverage them wisely, they can lead to invaluable experience and connections.
Before accepting any job offer, always:
- Talk to your DSO or RO
- Keep copies of all approvals
- Ensure your SEVIS record is up-to-date
- File your taxes on time
- Track your working hours carefully
The U.S. government offers clear pathways for student employment—you just need to know how to follow them. With the right approach, your on-campus job can be a stepping stone to a successful career in the U.S. or beyond.
Zara Adeyemi