How to Apply for a U.S. Re-entry Permit for Permanent Residents

What Is a U.S. Re-entry Permit?

A re-entry permit is a travel document issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). It allows green card holders to travel outside the United States for extended periods while demonstrating their intent to return and maintain permanent residency. Without this document, absences longer than six months may lead to complications, including scrutiny at ports of entry or even loss of residency status.

Key Features of a Re-entry Permit

1. Validity Period: The re-entry permit is typically valid for up to two years.
2. Use as a Passport Substitute: It can act as a travel document for green card holders unable to obtain a passport from their home country.
3. Safeguards Residency: Ensures that extended travel does not jeopardize permanent resident status.
4. Streamlined Re-entry: Facilitates smoother re-entry into the U.S., especially after extended absences.

Who Needs a Re-entry Permit?

Not all green card holders require a re-entry permit. However, if you anticipate being outside the U.S. for an extended period, a re-entry permit is highly recommended.

Scenarios Requiring a Re-entry Permit

1. Extended International Travel: If you plan to stay abroad for more than six months but less than two years.
2. Work Assignments Abroad: Employment with multinational organizations or foreign companies.
3. Education: Pursuing studies or research overseas.
4. Family Responsibilities: Addressing long-term caregiving needs or personal matters in another country.
5. Lack of National Passport: For those unable to obtain a passport from their country of citizenship.

Consequences of Not Obtaining a Re-entry Permit

Failure to obtain a re-entry permit can result in significant challenges:

• Scrutiny at Ports of Entry: Immigration officers may question your intent to maintain U.S. residency.
• Loss of Residency Status: Extended absences without proper documentation can lead to abandonment of your green card.
• Naturalization Delays: Absences may disrupt continuous residency requirements for U.S. citizenship.

Eligibility Requirements

Before applying for a re-entry permit, ensure that you meet the eligibility criteria:

1. Lawful Permanent Resident Status: You must hold a valid green card.
2. Physical Presence in the U.S.: You must be physically present in the United States when submitting your application (Form I-131).
3. Intention to Maintain Residency: Applicants must demonstrate their intention to return to the U.S. and maintain permanent residency.

Step-by-Step Guide to Applying for a Re-entry Permit

Step 1: Gather the Necessary Documents

Prepare the following documents before starting your application:

• Permanent Resident Card (Green Card): Provide a photocopy of both sides of your green card.
• Passport: If available, include a copy of your passport biographic page.
• Photographs: Two passport-sized photographs that meet USCIS specifications.
• Proof of Travel Plans: Documents such as flight itineraries, employment letters, or educational enrollment letters supporting your reasons for travel.

Step 2: Complete Form I-131

Form I-131, also known as the Application for Travel Document, is the primary form for requesting a re-entry permit.

Key Sections to Complete:

• Part 1: Provide your personal information, including name, address, and A-number (Alien Registration Number).
• Part 2: Select the option for a re-entry permit.
• Part 3: Explain the purpose of your travel and the intended duration of your absence.
• Part 4: Sign and date the form.

Access Form I-131 and its instructions on the USCIS website.

Step 3: Pay the Filing Fee

The current fee for filing Form I-131 is $575. If biometric services are required, an additional $85 fee applies, bringing the total to $660.

Payment Options:

• Online: Payments can be made using a credit or debit card through the USCIS online portal.
• By Mail: Submit a check or money order payable to the “U.S. Department of Homeland Security.”

Step 4: Submit Your Application

Applications can be submitted either online or by mail, depending on your preference.

Online Filing:

• Create an account on the USCIS online portal.
• Upload scanned copies of your completed Form I-131 and supporting documents.

Filing by Mail:

• Review the filing instructions on the USCIS website to determine the correct address for your application package.

Step 5: Attend a Biometrics Appointment

After submitting your application, USCIS will schedule a biometrics appointment at a local Application Support Center (ASC).

What to Expect:

• USCIS will collect your fingerprints, photograph, and signature.
• Bring your appointment notice, green card, and passport to the appointment.

Step 6: Track Your Application

You can monitor your application’s progress by visiting the USCIS Case Status page and entering your receipt number.

Processing Times

Processing times for re-entry permits vary depending on USCIS workload and location. On average, expect the process to take between 3 to 6 months.

Using Your Re-entry Permit

Once approved, your re-entry permit will be mailed to you. If you plan to leave the U.S. before it arrives, you can request that it be sent to a U.S. consulate or embassy in your destination country.

Important Notes on Usage:

1. Validity: Re-entry permits are typically valid for up to two years and cannot be extended.
2. Re-entry Timeline: Ensure you return to the U.S. before your permit expires.

Common Challenges and How to Address Them

1. Application Denials

Denials may occur if applicants fail to demonstrate their intent to maintain U.S. residency. Strengthen your application with evidence of ties to the U.S., such as property ownership or family relationships.

2. Lost or Stolen Re-entry Permit

If your permit is lost or stolen while abroad, file Form I-131A (Application for Travel Document Replacement) at a U.S. consulate.

3. Delays in Processing

Plan your travel schedule carefully, allowing ample time for application processing and biometrics appointments.

Impact on Naturalization

Extended absences can disrupt the continuous residency requirement for U.S. citizenship. To minimize the impact:

• Use the re-entry permit to document your intent to maintain U.S. residency.
• Avoid staying abroad for more than six months to preserve continuous residency.

Resources for Assistance

• USCIS Re-entry Permit Information
• USCIS Case Processing Times
• Naturalization Eligibility Requirements

Conclusion

A U.S. re-entry permit is an essential tool for permanent residents planning extended travel abroad. By understanding the application process, gathering the required documentation, and adhering to USCIS guidelines, you can protect your residency status and ensure smooth re-entry into the United States.

For Nigerian and other international green card holders, securing a re-entry permit offers peace of mind and the flexibility to manage overseas commitments without jeopardizing your immigration status. With proper preparation and attention to detail, this process can be a straightforward step toward maintaining your connection to the United States.